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"All You Can Eat" Ontology-Building: Feeding Wikipedia to Cyc +	In order to achieve genuine web intelligence, building some kind of large general machine-readable conceptual scheme (i.e. ontology) seems inescapable. Yet the past 20 years have shown that manual ontology-building is not practicable. The recent explosion of free user-supplied knowledge on the Web has led to great strides in automatic ontology-building, but quality-control is still a major issue. Ideally one should automatically build onto an already intelligent base. We suggest that the long-running Cyc project is able to assist here. We describe methods used to add 35K new concepts mined from Wikipedia to collections in ResearchCyc entirely automatically. Evaluation with 22 human subjects shows high precision both for the new concepts’ categorization, and their assignment as individuals or collections. Most importantly we show how Cyc itself can be leveraged for ontological quality control by ‘feeding’ it assertions one by one, enabling it to reject those that contradict its other knowledge.
"Wikipedias" y biblioteca pública. Participar en la información local digital a través de "localpedias" +	This paper justifies participation by public libraries in designing and publishing in “localpedias” as a way to promote collaboration in the creation of local content. For this purpose, the “localpedia” concept is explained and some of the main Spanish localpedia experiences described. Finally, some difficulties in consolidating this way of creating and sharing local knowledge are discussed.
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'Wikivism': From communicative capitalism to organized networks +	This article examines two different approaches to the political significance of networked technologies like the Internet. It considers Richard Kahn and Douglas Kellner’s “critical/reconstructive” methodology and Jodi Dean’s account of “communicative capitalism,” and shows how the respective approaches are insufficient to elucidate the genuinely radical possibilities we may harbor for the Internet. The case study of “hypertextual databases” or “wikis” is used, both to contextualize the limitations of the above arguments and to present a more radical overture for thinking about network politics. I also utilize Ned Rossiter’s concept of “organized networks” and show how these social-technical forms can provide a more radical proposition for thinking about the political possibilities of wikis. I proceed to translate wikis as specific kinds of organized networks that take us beyond a purely perfunctory language – whether as “information-rich data banks” or else animating the “fantasy of abundance” – and allow us to see them in a decidedly “political” way, as necessarily “incomplete” and thus eminently “rewritable” formations. This essay then concludes by examining the wider implications this “political” reading has for the way in which we understand the multiple situations of nascent forms of democratic politics.
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(Wiki + ResTechs) = (fresh documentation + organic knowledge management + training materials + good, cheap technical writers) +	Most Information Technology Departments in academia have their historical roots in a culture best described by words such as "geeks," "beta-testers," "troubleshooters," "debuggers," "early adopters," and so on. This culture was partly created by the fact that the mission of academia is indeed to keep looking forward to new developments and cutting-edge technologies. It is the role of industry to adopt the outcome of academia's frenetic efforts to move forward and to then produce commodity-like products.
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959 Nematode Genomes: a semantic wiki for coordinating sequencing projects +	Genome sequencing has been democratized by second-generation technologies, and even small labs can sequence metazoan genomes now. In this article, we describe '959 Nematode Genomes'-a community-curated semantic wiki to coordinate the sequencing efforts of individual labs to collectively sequence 959 genomes spanning the phylum Nematoda. The main goal of the wiki is to track sequencing projects that have been proposed, are in progress, or have been completed. Wiki pages for species and strains are linked to pages for people and organizations, using machine- and human-readable metadata that users can query to see the status of their favourite worm. The site is based on the same platform that runs Wikipedia, with semantic extensions that allow the underlying taxonomy and data storage models to be maintained and updated with ease compared with a conventional database-driven web site. The wiki also provides a way to track and share preliminary data if those data are not polished enough to be submitted to the official sequence repositories. In just over a year, this wiki has already fostered new international collaborations and attracted newcomers to the enthusiastic community of nematode genomicists. www.nematodegenomes.org.
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A Bag-of-Words Based Ranking Method for the Wikipedia Question Answering Task +	This paper presents a simple approach to the Wikipedia Question Answering pilot task in CLEF 2006. The approach ranks the snippets, retrieved using the Lucene search engine, by means of a similarity measure based on bags of words extracted from both the snippets and the articles in wikipedia. Our participation was in the monolingual English and Spanish tasks. We obtained the best results in the Spanish one.
A Breakdown of Quality Flaws in Wikipedia +	The online encyclopedia Wikipedia is a successful example of the increasing popularity of user generated content on the Web. Despite its success, Wikipedia is often criticized for containing low-quality information, which is mainly attributed to its core policy of being open for editing by everyone. The identification of low-quality information is an important task since Wikipedia has become the primary source of knowledge for a huge number of people around the world. Previous research on quality assessment in Wikipedia either investigates only small samples of articles, or else focuses on single quality aspects, like accuracy or formality. This paper targets the investigation of quality flaws, and presents the first complete breakdown of Wikipedia's quality flaw structure. We conduct an extensive exploratory analysis, which reveals (1) the quality flaws that actually exist, (2) the distribution of flaws in Wikipedia, and (3) the extent of flawed content. An important finding is that more than one in four English Wikipedia articles contains at least one quality flaw, 70% of which concern article verifiability.
A Brief Review of Studies of Wikipedia in Peer-Reviewed Journals +	Since its establishment in 2001, Wikipedia, "the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit" has become a cultural icon of the unlimited possibilities of the World Wide Web. Thus, it has become a serious subject of scholarly study to objectively and rigorously understand it as a phenomenon. This paper reviews studies of Wikipedia that have been published in peer-reviewed journals. Among the wealth of studies reviewed, major sub-streams of research covered include: how and why Wikipedia works; assessments of the reliability of its content; using it as a data source for various studies; and applications of Wikipedia in different domains of endeavour.
A Casual Network Security Monitoring System using a Portable Sensor Device and Wiki Software +	A casual network security monitoring system is proposed in this paper. The system is easy to deploy without reconfiguring the central network infrastructure, the firewall, and the intrusion detector system (IDS) of an organization. A virus-infected host, which is hidden by the network address translator (NAT) of a sub LAN, can be identified easily by using this monitoring system with the IDS. This monitoring system consists of a portable sensor device and a web site with wiki software. The portable sensor device, which is located on a target LAN that may have virus-infected hosts, is remote-controlled by a network manager's commands. The commands and the results are written on a wiki page.
A Characterization of Wikipedia Content Based on Motifs in the Edit Graph +	Good Wikipedia articles are authoritative sources due to the collaboration of a number of knowledgeable contributors. This is the many eyes idea. The edit network associated with a Wikipedia article can tell us something about its quality or authoritativeness. In this paper we explore the hypothesis that the characteristics of this edit network are predictive of the quality of the corresponding article's content. We characterize the edit network using a profile of network motifs and we show that this network motif profile is predictive of the Wikipedia quality classes assigned to articles by Wikipedia editors. We further show that the network motif profile can identify outlier articles particularly in the 'Featured Article' class, the highest Wikipedia quality class.
A Conceptual Model of Wiki Technology Diffusion +	Wiki technology is an emerging trend making way in organizational environments. Although numerous benefits of using a Wiki in applications of collaborative knowledge creation and sharing have been reported, little research on the adoption and diffusion of Wiki technology has been published. The contribution of this paper is the theoretically informed emphasis on the need to consider a variety of contextual factors influencing Wiki technology diffusion. Implementations of Wiki technology should include careful consideration of organizational culture, as well as user perceptions of Wiki organizational compatibility, relative advantage, and complexity. Efforts should also be made to achieve and maintain a critical mass of Wiki users.
A Cross-Lingual Dictionary for English Wikipedia Concepts +	We present a resource for automatically associating strings of text with English Wikipedia concepts. Our machinery is bi-directional, in the sense that it uses the same fundamental probabilistic methods to map strings to empirical distributions over Wikipedia articles as it does to map article URLs to distributions over short, language-independent strings of natural language text. For maximal interoperability, we release our resource as a set of flat line-based text files, lexicographically sorted and encoded with UTF-8. These files capture joint probability distributions underlying concepts (we use the terms article, concept and Wikipedia URL interchangeably) and associated snippets of text, as well as other features that can come in handy when working with Wikipedia articles and related information.
A Cultural and Political Economy of Web 2.0 +	In this dissertation, I explore Web 2.0, an umbrella term for Web-based software and services such as blogs, wikis, social networking, and media sharing sites. This range of Web sites is complex, but is tied together by one key feature: the users of these sites and services are expected to produce the content included in them. That is, users write and comment upon blogs, produce the material in wikis, make connections with one another in social networks, and produce videos in media sharing sites. This has two implications. First, the increase of user-led media production has led to proclamations that mass media, hierarchy, and authority are dead, and that we are entering into a time of democratic media production. Second, this mode of media production relies on users to supply what was traditionally paid labor. To illuminate this, I explore the popular media discourses which have defined Web 2.0 as a progressive, democratic development in media production. I consider the pleasures that users derive from these sites. I then examine the technical structure of Web 2.0. Despite the arguments that present Web 2.0 as a mass appropriation of the means of media production, I have found that Web 2.0 site owners have been able to exploit users' desires to create content and control media production. Site owners do this by deploying a dichotomous structure. In a typical Web 2.0 site, there is a surface, where users are free to produce content and make affective connections, and there is a hidden depth, where new media capitalists convert user-generated content into exchange-values. Web 2.0 sites seek to hide exploitation of free user labor by limiting access to this depth. This dichotomous structure is made clearer if it is compared to the one Web 2.0 site where users have largely taken control of the products of their labor: Wikipedia. Unlike many other sites, Wikipedia allows users to see into and determine the legal, technical, and cultural depths of that site. I conclude by pointing to the different cultural formations made possible by eliminating the barrier between surface and depth in Web software architecture.
A Draw Plug-In for a Wiki Software +	Experimental implementation of NetDraw, a draw program which is a plug-in of a wiki software, is shown. The draw program of a computer assisted teaching system is exploited to make NetDraw. It takes about three weeks to make the first version of NetDraw. NetDraw is a collaborative tool through drawing. It has been using for computer science classes in a university. A Teacher’s work for preparing classes was reduced by using NetDraw.
A Framework for Studying the Use of Wikis in Knowledge Work Using Client-Side Access Data +	While measurements of wiki usage typically focus on the active contribution of content, information on the passive use of existing content can be valuable for a range of commercial and research purposes. In particular, such data is necessary for reconstructing the context or tracing the flow of information in settings where wikis are used as collaboration platforms in knowledge work that relies on specialized tools, such as software development. Meeting these needs requires detailed knowledge of user behavior, such as the duration for which a page was read and the sections visible at each point. This data cannot be collected by present wiki implementations and must be collected from the client-side, which presents a range of technical and privacy problems. In addition, this data must be correlated with traces of interaction with other tools. In this paper we present an approach for solving these problems in which scripts embedded by the wiki server are executed by the client browser, and report on the user’s interaction with that document along with relevant structural information. These reports are relayed to a comprehensive framework for storing and accessing interaction and context data from the wiki and from additional tools used in knowledge work. This framework can be used to correlate these traces to obtain a complete view of the user’s work across tools, or to approximate his context at specific points in time.
A Grammar for Standardized Wiki Markup +	Today's wiki engines are not interoperable. The rendering engine is tied to the processing tools which are tied to the wiki editors. This is an unfortunate consequence of the lack of rigorously specified standards. This paper discusses an EBNF-based grammar for Wiki Creole 1.0, a community standard for [[wiki markup]], and demonstrates its benefits. Wiki Creole is being specified using prose, so our grammar revealed several categories of ambiguities, showing the value of a more formal approach to wiki markup specification. The formalization of Wiki Creole using a grammar shows performance problems that today's regular-expression-based [[wiki parsers]] might face when scaling up. We present an implementation of a wiki markup parser and demonstrate our test cases for validating Wiki Creole parsers. We view the work presented in this paper as an important step towards decoupling wiki rendering engines from processing tools and from editing tools by means of a precise and complete wiki markup specification. This decoupling layer will then allow innovation on these different parts to proceed independently and as is expected at a faster pace than before.
A Jury of Your Peers: Quality, Experience and Ownership in Wikipedia +	Wikipedia is a highly successful example of what mass collaboration in an informal peer review system can accomplish. In this paper, we examine the role that the quality of the contributions, the experience of the contributors and the ownership of the content play in the decisions over which contributions become part of Wikipedia and which ones are rejected by the community. We introduce and justify a versatile metric for automatically measuring the quality of a contribution. We find little evidence that experience helps contributors avoid rejection. In fact, as they gain experience, contributors are even more likely to have their work rejected. We also find strong evidence of ownership behaviors in practice despite the fact that ownership of content is discouraged within Wikipedia.
A M2M system using Arduino, Android and Wiki Software +	A Machine-to-Machine (M2M) system, which uses Arduino, Android, and Wiki software, is discussed. ["proposed"?] This system consists of mobile terminals and web sites with wiki software. A mobile terminal of the system consists of an Android terminal and an Arduino board with sensors and actuators. The mobile terminal reads data from the sensors in the Arduino board and sends the data to a wiki page. The mobile terminal also reads commands on the wiki page and controls the actuators of the Arduino board. In addition, a wiki page can have a program that reads the page and outputs information such as a graph. This system realizes an open communication forum for not only people but also for machines
A Malicious Bot Capturing System using a Beneficial Bot and Wiki +	Locating malicious bots in a large network is problematic because the internal firewalls and network address translation (NAT) routers of the network unintentionally contribute to hiding the bots’ host address and malicious packets. However, eliminating firewalls and NAT routers merely for locating bots is generally not acceptable. In the present paper, we propose an easy to deploy, easy to manage network security control system for locating a malicious host behind internal secure gateways. The proposed network security control system consists of a remote security device and a command server. The remote security device is installed as a transparent link (implemented as an L2 switch), between the subnet and its gateway in order to detect a host that has been compromised by a malicious bot in a target subnet, while minimizing the impact of deployment. The security device is controlled remotely by 'polling' the command server in order to eliminate the NAT traversal problem and to be firewall friendly. Since the remote security device exists in transparent, remotely controlled, robust security gateways, we regard this device as a beneficial bot. We adopt a web server with wiki software as the command server in order to take advantage of its power of customization, ease of use, and ease of deployment of the server.
A Method for Measuring Co-authorship Relationships in MediaWiki +	Collaborative writing through wikis has become increasingly popular in recent years. When users contribute to a wiki article they implicitly establish a co-authorship relationship. Discovering these relationships can be of value, for example in finding experts on a given topic. However, it is not trivial to determine the main co-authors for a given author among the potentially thousands who have contributed to a given author’s edit history. We have developed a method and algorithm for calculating a co-authorship degree for a given pair of authors. We have implemented this method as an extension for the MediaWiki system and demonstrate its performance which is satisfactory in the majority of cases. This paper also presents a method of determining an expertise group for a chosen topic.
A Proposal for a Gene Functions Wiki +	Large knowledge bases integrating different domains can provide a foundation for new applications in biology such as data mining or automated reasoning. The traditional approach to the construction of such knowledge bases is manual and therefore extremely time consuming. The ubiquity of the internet now makes large-scale community collaboration for the construction of knowledge bases, such as the successful online encyclopedia “Wikipedia”, possible. We propose an extension of this model to the collaborative annotation of molecular data. We argue that a semantic wiki provides the functionality required for this project since this can capitalize on the existing representations in biological ontologies. We discuss the use of a different relationship model than the one provided by RDF and OWL to represent the semantic data. We argue that this leads to a more intuitive and correct way to enter semantic content in the wiki. Furthermore, we show how formal ontologies could be used to increase the usability of the software through type-checking and automatic reasoning.
A Semantic Approach for Question Classification using WordNet and Wikipedia +	Question Answering Systems, unlike search engines, are providing answers to the users’ questions in succinct form which requires the prior knowledge of the expectation of the user. Question classification module of a Question Answering System plays a very important role in determining the expectations of the user. In the literature, incorrect question classification has been cited as one of the major factors for the poor performance of the Question Answering Systems and this emphasizes on the importance of question classification module designing. In this article, we have proposed a question classification method that exploits the powerful semantic features of the WordNet and the vast knowledge repository of the Wikipedia to describe informative terms explicitly. We have trained our system over a standard set of 5500 questions (by UIUC) and then tested it over five TREC question collections. We have compared our results with some standard results reported in the literature and observed a significant improvement in the accuracy of question classification. The question classification accuracy suggests the effectiveness of the method which is promising in the field of open domain question classification. Judging the correctness of the answer is an important issue in the field of question answering. In this article, we are extending question classification as one of the heuristics for answer validation. We are proposing a World Wide Web based solution for answer validation where answers returned by open domain Question Answering Systems can be validated using online resources such as Wikipedia and Google. We have applied several heuristics for answer validation task and tested them against some popular web based open domain Question Answering Systems over a collection of 500 questions collected from standard sources such as TREC, the Worldbook, and the Worldfactbook. The proposed method seems to be promising for automatic answer validation task.
A Simple Application Program Interface for Saving Java Program Data on a Wiki +	A simple application program interface (API) for Java programs running on a wiki is implemented experimentally. A Java program with the API can be running on a wiki, and the Java program can save its data on the wiki. The Java program consists of PukiWiki, which is a popular wiki in Japan, and a plug-in, which starts up Java programs and classes of Java. A Java applet with default access privilege cannot save its data at a local host. We have constructed an API of applets for easy and unified data input and output at a remote host. We also combined the proposed API and the wiki system by introducing a wiki tag for starting Java applets. It is easy to introduce new types of applications using the proposed API. We have embedded programs such as a simple text editor, a simple music editor, a simple drawing program, and programming environments in a PukiWiki system using this API.
A Statistical Approach to the Impact of Featured Articles in Wikipedia +	This paper presents an empirical study on the impact of featured articles on the attention that Wikipedia’s articles attract, and how this behavior differs in different editions of Wikipedia. The study is based on the analysis of the log lines registered by the Wikimedia Foundation Squid servers after having sent the appropriate content in response to the corresponding request submitted by any Wikipedia user. The analysis has been conducted regarding the six most visited editions of the Wikipedia and has involved more than 4,100 million log lines corresponding to the traffic of September, October and November 2009. The methodology of work has mainly consisted on the parsing of the requests sent by the users and on their subsequent filtering according to the study directives. Relevant information fields has been finally stored in a database for persistence and further characterization. The main results of this paper are twofold: it shows how to use the the traffic log to extract information about the use of Wikipedia, which is a novel research approach without precedences in the research community, and it analyzes whether the featured articles mechanism achieve to attract more attention or not.
A Technological Reinvention of the Textbook: A Wikibooks Project +	Education traditionally has been defined as a one-way relationship between teacher and learner. However, new technologies are dramatically changing that relationship in a multitude of ways. In this article, the authors describe some of these changes and explore one example of the intersection between technology and pedagogy, describing a college course in which students compose the course text using the wiki platform. The process described proceeds from the premise that the needs and capacity of learners in the information age have been transformed and discusses one way that using an appropriate technology may address them. For this wikibook, the creators of the content become the prime users of the content as well. The authors discuss both the philosophical underpinnings and practical implications of this approach. Evaluation of the project suggests that the methodology produces an active, credible learning process. This study explores the advantages and disadvantages of this wiki process to provide context concerning the efficacy and utility of employing particular types of Web 2.0 tools. The course development rationale points to its potential for radically changing how students and teachers interact with the phenomenon of ubiquitous learning.

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