Motivation

motivation (Alternative names for this keyword)
Related keyword(s)	altruism, incentive
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motivation is included as keyword or extra keyword in 0 datasets, 0 tools and 16 publications.

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Publications

Title	Author(s)	Published in	Language	DateThis property is a special property in this wiki.	Abstract	R	C
The people's encyclopedia under the gaze of the sages: a systematic review of scholarly research on Wikipedia	Chitu Okoli Mohamad Mehdi Mostafa Mesgari Finn Årup Nielsen Arto Lanamäki		English	2012	Wikipedia has become one of the ten most visited sites on the Web, and the world’s leading source of Web reference information. Its rapid success has inspired hundreds of scholars from various disciplines to study its content, communication and community dynamics from various perspectives. This article presents a systematic review of scholarly research on Wikipedia. We describe our detailed, rigorous methodology for identifying over 450 scholarly studies of Wikipedia. We present the WikiLit website (http wikilit dot referata dot com), where most of the papers reviewed here are described in detail. In the major section of this article, we then categorize and summarize the studies. An appendix features an extensive list of resources useful for Wikipedia researchers.	15	0
Don't bite the newbies: how reverts affect the quantity and quality of Wikipedia work	Aaron Halfaker Aniket Kittur John Riedl	WikiSym	English	2011	Reverts are important to maintaining the quality of Wikipedia. They fix mistakes, repair vandalism, and help enforce policy. However, reverts can also be damaging, especially to the aspiring editor whose work they destroy. In this research we analyze 400,000 Wikipedia revisions to understand the effect that reverts had on editors. We seek to understand the extent to which they demotivate users, reducing the workforce of contributors, versus the extent to which they help users improve as encyclopedia editors. Overall we find that reverts are powerfully demotivating, but that their net influence is that more quality work is done in Wikipedia as a result of reverts than is lost by chasing editors away. However, we identify key conditions – most specifically new editors being reverted by much more experienced editors – under which reverts are particularly damaging. We propose that reducing the damage from reverts might be one effective path for Wikipedia to solve the newcomer retention problem.	0	0
Feedback mechanisms and their impact on motivation to contribute to wikis in higher education	Athanasios Mazarakis Clemens van Dinther	WikiSym	English	2011		0	0
Beyond vandalism: Wikipedia trolls	Pnina Shachaf Noriko Hara		English	2010	Research on trolls is scarce, but their activities challenge online communities; one of the main challenges of the Wikipedia community is to fight against vandalism and trolls. This study identifies Wikipedia trolls’ behaviours and motivations, and compares and contrasts hackers with trolls; it extends our knowledge about this type of vandalism and concludes that Wikipedia trolls are one type of hacker. This study reports that boredom, attention seeking, and revenge motivate trolls; they regard Wikipedia as an entertainment venue, and find pleasure from causing damage to the community and other people. Findings also suggest that trolls’ behaviours are characterized as repetitive, intentional, and harmful actions that are undertaken in isolation and under hidden virtual identities, involving violations of Wikipedia policies, and consisting of destructive participation in the community.	0	0
Factors affecting shapers of organizational wikis	Dave Yates Christian Wagner Ann Majchrzak	J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol.	English	2010		0	0
Group size and incentives to contribute: A natural experiment at Chinese Wikipedia	Xiaoquan (Michael) Zhang Feng Zhu		English	2010		0	0
Motivations of Wikipedia content contributors	Heng-Li Yang Cheng-Yu Lai		English	2010	Rapidly developing web technologies have increased the prevalence of user-generated Internet content. Of the many websites with user-generated content on the Internet, one of the most renowned is Wikipedia, which is the largest multilingual free-content encyclopedia written by users collaboratively. Nevertheless, although contributing to Wikipedia takes time and knowledge, contributors are rarely compensated. As a result, there is a need to understand why individuals share their knowledge in Wikipedia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of both conventional and self concept-based motivation on individual willingness to share knowledge in Wikipedia. After performing an online questionnaire survey, SEM was applied to assess the proposed model and hypotheses. The analytical results showed that internal self-concept motivation is the key motivation for knowledge sharing on Wikipedia.	0	0
Readers are not free-riders: reading as a form of participation on Wikipedia	Judd Antin Coye Cheshire	Computer-Supported Cooperative Work	English	2010	The success of Wikipedia as a large-scale collaborative effort has spurred researchers to examine the motivations and behaviors of Wikipedia's participants. However, this research has tended to focus on active involvement rather than more common forms of participation such as reading. In this paper we argue that Wikipedia's readers should not all be characterized as free-riders -- individuals who knowingly choose to take advantage of others' effort. Furthermore, we illustrate how readers provide a valuable service to Wikipedia. Finally, we use the notion of legitimate peripheral participation to argue that reading is a gateway activity through which newcomers learn about Wikipedia. We find support for our arguments in the results of a survey of Wikipedia usage and knowledge. Implications for future research and design are discussed.	0	3
Voluntary Engagement in an Open Web-Based Encyclopedia: Wikipedians and Why They Do It	Joachim Schroer Guido Hertel		English	2009	The online encyclopedia Wikipedia is a highly successful “open content” project, written and maintained completely by volunteers. Little is known, however, about the motivation of these volunteers. Results from an online survey among 106 contributors to the German Wikipedia project are presented. Both motives derived from social sciences (perceived benefits, identification with Wikipedia, etc.) as well as perceived task characteristics (autonomy, skill variety, etc.) were assessed as potential predictors of contributors' satisfaction and self-reported engagement. Satisfaction ratings were particularly determined by perceived benefits, identification with the Wikipedia community, and task characteristics. Engagement was particularly determined by high tolerance for opportunity costs and by task characteristics, the latter effect being partially mediated by intrinsic motivation. Relevant task characteristics for contributors' engagement and satisfaction were perceived autonomy, task significance, skill variety, and feedback. Models from social sciences and work psychology complemented each other by suggesting that favorable task experiences might counter perceived opportunity costs in Wikipedia contributors. Moreover, additional data reported by Wikipedia authors indicate the importance of generativity motives.	0	1
The motivational arc of massive virtual collaboration	Kevin Crowston Isabelle Fagnot	IFIP WG 9.5 Working Conference on Virtuality and Society: Massive Virtual Communities	English	1 July 2008	Massive virtual collaborations (MVC) involve large numbers of mostly unpaid contributors collectively creating new content. Wikipedia is the most dramatic example of MVC; smaller-scale examples include blogs and discussion groups and free/libre open source software (FLOSS) projects. In this paper, we propose a model of motivations for contribution to MVC that integrates various theoretical perspectives to extend prior work. Specifically, we distinguish three different levels of contribution to projects (initial, sustained and meta) and capture the dynamic and recursive effects of contributions on emergent individual and project states.	0	0
Exploring motivations for contributing to open source initiatives: The roles of contribution context and personal values	Shaul Oreg Oded Nov	Computers in Human Behavior	English	2008	We explore contextual and dispositional correlates of the motivation to contribute to open source initiatives. We examine how the context of the open source project, and the personal values of contributors, are related to the types of motivations for contributing. A web-based survey was administered to 300 contributors in two prominent open source contexts: software and content. As hypothesized, software contributors placed a greater emphasis on reputation-gaining and self-development motivations, compared with content contributors, who placed a greater emphasis on altruistic motives. Furthermore, the hypothesized relationships were found between contributors' personal values and their motivations for contributing.	0	1
Social rewarding in wiki systems - motivating the community	Bernhard Hoisl Wolfgang Aigner Silvia Miksch	OCSC	English	2007		0	0
What motivates Wikipedians?	Oded Nov		English	2007		0	5
Intrinsic motivation of open content contributions: The case of wikipedia	Xiaoquan (Michael) Zhang Feng Zhu	Workshop on Information Systems and Economics	English	December 2006		0	0
Motivations of contributors to Wikipedia	Stacey Kuznetsov	SIGCAS	English	2006	This paper aims to explain why people are motivated to contribute to the Wikipedia project. A comprehensive analysis of the motivations of Wikipedians is conducted using the iterative methodology developed by Batya Friedman and Peter Kahn in Value Sensitive Design and Information Systems and co-developed by Nissenbaum and Friedman in Bias in Computer Systems. The Value Sensitive Design (VSD) approach consists of three stages: Empirical Investigation, Conceptual Investigation, and Technical Investigation. During the empirical phase, motivations of the contributors to Wikipedia are identified through analysis of data from two published surveys and a pilot survey conducted at New York University. The underlying values behind these motivations are then defined in the conceptual phase of the study. Finally, a technical investigation is conducted in order to determine how features of the Wiki technology support and facilitate these values.	0	2
Working for free? Motivations of participating in open source projects	Alexander Hars Shaosong Ou	Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences	English	2001	The success of the Linux operating system has demonstrated the viability of an alternative form of software development – open source software – that challenges traditional assumptions about software markets. Understanding what drives open source developers to participate in open source projects is crucial for assessing the impact of open source software. This article identifies two broad types of motivations that account for their participation in open source projects. The first category includes internal factors such as intrinsic motivation and altruism, and the second category focuses on external rewards such as expected future returns and personal needs. This article also reports the results of a survey administered to open source programmers.	0	0

• http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Motivations_to_Contribute_to_Wikipedia